Tag Archives: Evento scientifico

Our leading model of the universe is known as Lambda CDM. It includes both a weakly interacting type of matter (cold dark matter, or CDM) and dark energy (Lambda). Both matter and dark energy shape how the universe expands – but in opposing ways. Matter and dark matter slow the expansion down, while dark energy speeds it up. The amount of each influences how our universe evolves. This model does a good job of describing results from previous experiments and how the universe looks throughout time.But, with just its first year of data, Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) has been able to analyze the expansion history of the young universe with over 99% accuracy. The data from DESI has provided unprecedented measurements of the expanding universe, offering new insights into dark energy.  When results are combined with data from other studies, there are some subtle differences with what Lambda CDM would predict. There are some hints pointing at small temporal variations in the density of dark energy. As DESI gathers more information during its five-year survey, these early results will become more precise, shedding light on whether the data are pointing to different explanations for the results we observe or the need to update our model. 

Significant hints for new Higgses with masses around 95GeV and 152GeV have been accumulated. In this talk, I will discuss the relevant measurements as well as possible models which can explain these excesses. Furthermore, I show how the new Scalars could explain the deviations between the theory predictions and the measurements of differential top quark distributions.

A dynamical mechanism, based on a confining non-abelian dark symmetry, which generates Majorana masses for sterile fermions, is proposed. We apply it to the inverse seesaw scenario, which allows us to generate light neutrino masses from the interplay of TeV-scale Pseudo-Dirac mass terms and a small explicit breaking of lepton number. A single generation of vector-like dark quarks, transforming under a  SU(3) gauge symmetry, is coupled to a real singlet scalar, which serves as a portal between the dark quark condensate and three generations of heavy sterile neutrinos. In this framework the lightest dark baryon, which has spin  3/2 and is stabilized at the renormalizable level by an accidental dark baryon number symmetry, can account for the observed relic density via thermal freeze-out from annihilations into the lightest dark mesons.This model may be probed by next generation neutrino telescopes via neutrino lines produced from dark matter annihilations.

Dark matter implies that SM extrapolations through the renormalization group (RG) – that have worked very well so far upto LHC energies- must break down at some higher energy. Under the caveat of no physics beyond the SM, F.Jegerlehner extrapolated the two-loop RG results beyond the electro-weak scale and found that the quadratically divergentmass shift between the bare and renormalized Higgs mass has a zero at a mass three orders of magnitude lower than the Planck mass (used as a cut-off). This is truly remarkable because it implies an unexpected very high energy mass scale (that is close to the unificationmass scale in addition). From a completely different view, we have obtained a similar mass scale through the Trimble plot (J vs. M) ofastrophysical objects. We discuss the implied win-win situation for LHC/CERN for testing both the hypotheses of dark matter or no dark matter. 

Scattering amplitudes involving multiple partons are plagued with infrared singularities. The soft singularities are captured by the soft function which is defined as the vacuum expectation value of Wilson line correlators.Renormalization properties allow us to write it as an exponential of the finite soft anomalous dimension. An efficient way to study the soft function is through a set of Feynman diagrams known as Cwebs. In this talk I will discuss the progress that has been made by our group in the last couple of years in understanding the structure and the building blocks of Cwebs.

In the first part of the colloquium I will provide a gentle introduction to neural networks from a statistical-mechanics perspective. In this framework, a bridge between biologically-inspired models and artificial models is highlighted and leveraged to improve our comprehension and mathematical control on these systems. In the second part, I will show that consolidation and remotion mechanisms occurring in mammal’s brain during sleep can be recast into suitable machine-learning parameters and the hierarchical organisation of memories in the brain inspires a hierarchical architecture of layers in deep neural networks.

Speaker: A.M.M.M. Perez

The XXI LNF Spring School “Bruno Touschek” in Nuclear, Subnuclear and Astroparticle Physics will take place at the INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Italy from Monday, May 13th to Friday, May 17th, 2024. The School is addressed to graduate students and young post-doctoral fellows in theoretical and experimental high-energy, nuclear and astroparticle physics. The 2024 edition of the School includes lectures on selected theoretical and experimental topics, discussion sessions, a colloquium and the 8th Young Researchers Workshop on “Physics Challenges in the LHC Era”, scheduled on Monday, May 13th and on Thursday, May 16th. Students and postdocs planning to participate in the School are strongly encouraged to apply to give a presentation of their research in the workshop, by sending an email to the school chair, with the proposed talk title. The contributions will be published in Frascati Physics Series. The registration fee is 150 euros. A few fellowships covering the registration fee and/or accommodation are available for selected participants giving talks. Topics and lecturers: Theories Beyond the Standard Model  (Veronica Sanz) BSM physics at high energies: an experimental review (Steven Lowette) Searches for BSM physics at low energy: a theory overview                           (Martin Alonso Gonzalez) The g-2 experiment: status and prospects of precision tests of the Standard Model with muons (Graziano Venanzoni) Neutrino theory and phenomenology (Gabriela Barenboim) Probing neutrino masses in the laboratory (Christoph Wiesinger) Neutrinoless double-beta decay search: experimental aspects               …

The discrepancy between the inclusive and exclusive determination of Vcb is one of the unresolved puzzles in flavour physics. The interplay between theory prediction and experimental data is the key element to better understand the source of this discrepancy, and ultimately resolve it. In this talk, I will review the latest developments both from the theoretical and experimental point of view and the future prospects. Join Zoom Meetinghttps://infn-it.zoom.us/j/96498352862?pwd=K3ZoWHY3YnZDM3lEc3A1c3M2UTc2dz09Meeting ID: 964 9835 2862Passcode: 732651