Tag Archives: Evento scientifico

Speaker: Vsevolod Chestnov (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) The percent-level precision achieved by experiments at the LargeHadron Collider demands theoretical predictions of comparable accuracy, necessitating higher-order perturbative corrections to scattering amplitudes. Traditionally, these corrections are computed by reducing the Feynman integralexpansion of an amplitude to a finite basis of linearly independent elements, followed by numerical evaluation. However, multi-scale processes posesignificant computational challenges, motivating the development ofcomplementary approaches. In this talk, I will review recent advances in Feynman integral calculus, highlighting mathematical techniques rooted in algebraic geometry, finite fieldreconstruction, and twisted cohomology theory. I will also discuss alternativereduction strategies based on the so-called “transverse integration identities”and explore how these innovations can enhance traditional computational methods to address the demands of modern precision physics.

Speaker: Pavel Fileviez Perez (Case Western Reserve University) The different theories for neutrino masses are discussed. We show possible connections between the origin of neutrino masses and the properties of dark matter candidates in new theories for physics beyond the Standard Model. We discuss minimal gauge theories for neutrino masses where the neutrinos are predicted to be Dirac or Majorana fermions. We find that the upper bound on the effective number of relativistic species provides a strong constraint in the scenarios with Dirac neutrinos. In the context of theories where the lepton number is a local gauge symmetry spontaneously broken at the low scale, the existence of dark matter is predicted from the condition of anomaly cancellation. We show that we could test simple gauge theories for neutrino masses at current or future experiments.

Un lungo cammino: le nuove sfide della scienza aperta Secondo convegno nazionale del gruppo di lavoro Open Science della CoPER

 Aula Bruno Touschek – Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati INFN 27 Novembre, ore 14.00 -18.30
- 28 Novembre, ore 8.30 – 14.00 Pagina web https://agenda.infn.it/e/ConvegnoOpenscienceCoPER2024 Organizzazione Locale: Lia Sabatini, Irene Piergentili, Davide Cirillo, Antonino Cupellini, Roberto Campagnola, Giulia Chiaraluce (INFN – LNF) Giorgia Migliorelli, Sara Santorsa (CNR) Comitato Scientifico: Stefano Bianco (INFN), Anna Grazia Chiodetti (INGV),  Mario Locati (INGV), Giovanni De Simone (CNR), Roberta Vigni (ISPRA), Paolo Valente (INFN) Il gruppo di lavoro Open Science della Consulta dei Presidenti degli Enti pubblici di ricerca (CoPER) – in collaborazione con il gruppo di lavoro Valutazione – organizza il suo secondo convegno nelle giornate del 27  e 28 novembre 2024 a Frascati presso i Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell’Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare.  L’obiettivo del convegno è sia di fare il punto sul lavoro svolto e sulle prospettive a breve e medio termine, sia di realizzare collegamenti  esterni a CoPER per stabilire o rafforzare sinergie nel complesso mondo della Scienza Aperta. Il gdl Open Science nasce nel dicembre 2021  per favorire il coordinamento sulla tematica della scienza aperta tra gli enti di ricerca e tra gli enti di ricerca e le università rappresentate dalla Conferenza dei rettori delle università italiane (CRUI).  Il programma dei lavori adotta gli assi di intervento individuati dal Piano Nazionale Scienza Aperta – PNSA (accesso alle pubblicazioni scientifiche, valutazione della ricerca, Open Data). Il convegno prevede una sessione  il pomeriggio del 27 novembre ed una sessione  …

50 years ago, on 11 November 1974, the independent discovery was announced of an extremely narrow resonance at 3.1 GeV, respectively at the Brookhaven National Laboratory and at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Centre. The resonance was dubbed J in Brookhaven and ψ at SLAC, and it is since known as J/ψ. Soon after the news, the three experiments at the ADONE electron-positron collider of the Frascati Laboratory, pushing the machine beyond its nominal energy limit of 3.0 GeV, in the night between 13 and 14 November were able to observe the J/ψ. In the historical Physical Review Letters issued on 2 December 1974 the ADONE report appeared together with those announcing the momentous finding. In the morning of this one-day Meeting, the J/ψ discovery, together with the ADONE contribution and its deep impact on Particle Physics, will be recalled by protagonists. The afternoon will include an outlook to the future of Particle Physics and Accelerator Technology. The meeting will be accompanied by an exhibition of a large number of newspapers, magazines and TV footage that reported the news of the discovery at the time.

Speaker: Gianluca Gregori (University of Oxford) Relativistic electron-positron plasmas are ubiquitous in extreme astrophysical environments such as black-hole and neutron-star magnetospheres, where accretion-powered jets and pulsar winds are expected to be enriched with electron-positron pairs. Their role in the dynamics of such environments is in many cases believed to be fundamental, but their behaviour differs significantly from typical electron-ion plasmas due to the matter-antimatter symmetry of the charged components. So far, our experimental inability to produce large yields of positrons in quasi-neutral beams has restricted the understanding of electron-positron pair plasmas to simple numerical and analytical studies, which are rather limited. Here we present the first experimental results confirming the generation of high-density, quasi-neutral, relativistic electron-positron pair beams using the 440 GeV/c beam at CERN’s Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) accelerator. We show that the characteristic scales necessary for collective plasma behaviour, such as the Debye length and the collisionless skin depth, are exceeded by the measured size of the produced pair beams. In the first application of this experimental platform, the stability of the pair beam is studied as it propagates through a meter-length plasma, analogous to TeV γ-ray induced pair cascades in the intergalactic medium. It has been argued that pair beam instabilities disrupt the cascade, thus accounting for the observed lack of reprocessed GeV emission from TeV blazars. If true this would remove the need for a moderate strength intergalactic magnetic field to explain the observations. We find that the pair beam instability is suppressed if the beam …

Speaker: Kazuki Sakurai (University of Warsaw) Recently, there has been a lot of attention and studies on treating high-energy colliders as natural quantum processors. Along these lines, we propose a novel test of quantum mechanics which goes beyond the Bell-inequality test. Our proposal is based on the Quantum Process Tomography, i.e. an experimental reconstruction of the entire quantum channel. We demonstrate such a test can be implemented with the e+ e- > t tbar process at lepton colliders with multiple runs of different beam polarisation settings. We also discuss the possibilities of Quantum Process Tomography with different collider processes.

Speakers: Costanza Barbieri (Accademia delle Belle Arti), Giulia Iorio (LASR3, Sezione INFN-RM3), Lucilla Pronti (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare), Mariangela Cestelli Guidi (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare), Martina Romani (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare), Noemi Zappala’ (Accademia delle Belle Arti) The study and characterization of Cultural Heritage (CH) materials requires the application and the development of innovative technologies, also related to accelerators, and fine-tuning preparation procedures of samples and, moreover, the requirements of noninvasiveness and minimal interaction with the artworks must be satisfied. In this sense, the INFN-CHNet, the network dedicated to the study of CH materials, monitored by the National Technology Transfer Committee of INFN, encounters these needs by developing innovative instrumentations and by collaborating with other professionals in the Cultural Heritage field for data interpretation. The INFN-CHNet nodes, DAΦNE-Light and LASR3 laboratories, will present the technologies developed and experiments performed on an unknown version of the painting “Lo Spasimo di Palermo” by Raffaello Sanzio. Preliminary results will be discussed also from the art-historical point of view, in a synergic collaboration between scientific and art history research.  

Speaker: Ludovico Vittorio (LAPTh, Annecy) For a long time the $|V_{cb}|$ puzzle and the $R(D^{(\ast )})$ anomalies have been considered possible, indirect probes of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). I will discuss the state of the art of the phenomenological studies of $B\to D^{(\ast )}\ell \nu$ decays, focusing on both lattice and experimental available datasets. I will show how the use of hadronic form factors (FFs) constrained by lattice calculations only can lighten the aforementioned tensions, independently of the existing differences among the results of the different collaborations. This conclusion holds independently of the particular parametrization adopted for the FFs. Furthermore, I will discuss in detail the “slope issue”, namely the tensions among the slopes in the momentum transfer of the different FFs computed on the lattice or measured by the experiments. I will present a novel and simple strategy for a direct comparison among them. Interestingly, this kind of study reveals that experimental data themselves show important differences among each other, while a better agreement is observed between some of the experimental results and the theoretical predictions. Future prospects for analyses both within and beyond the SM will be finally highlighted.

The 2024 Topical Workshop presented by the LLRF Workshop Series, a unique opportunity for learning, networking and sharing experiences, will be held in person in Italy at the INFN-LNF – Via Enrico Fermi 60 – Frascati (Rome) from 28 to 30 October 2024. The workshop will be dedicated to Timing, Synchronization, Measurements and Calibrations. Motivation The topical series of LLRF workshops is meant to bring together a diverse group of experts spanning disciplines beyond the traditional LLRF field in particle accelerators. The intent is to provide a basis for understanding the technologies and constraints which drive critical engineering decisions in multiple disciplines. Accurate timing and synchronization has played a pivotal role in many applications, from astrophysics to photon research, to quantum computing. Similarly, the success of these techniques depends on the ability to calibrate and perform accurate measurements. Topics – Low Drift/Phase Noise Sources – Absolute vs. relative timing – RF Reference Distribution (copper vs. fiber) – RF synchronization accelerator wide (beam diagnostics, machine protection, etc.) – Distributed facility timing and synchronization – accelerator to accelerator, accelerator to experiments, multiple locations – Amplitude and Phase – Reference line calibrations and stabilization/cancellation techniques – Accurate in-situ cavity measurements (Q0, QL) – Measurement techniques required to assess hardware and systems (phase noise measurement, measurements in case the hardware needs to be distributed over large distances) – Using beam to calibrate the RF and vice versa.   Participants in the Workshop are invited to register via web using the online registration form (handled …

Speaker: Sreemanti Chakraborti (Durham Univ.) In this talk, I will discuss axion-like particles (ALP) as dark matter candidates in the “ultralight mass regime”. On the theory side, I will elaborate on the consistent treatment of QFT of an ALP interacting with Standard Model fields accounting for the renormalisation group running and matching to the low-energy theory. A plethora of quantum sensor experiments has been designed to search for very light ALPs that are particularly sensitive to these effects because they probe large values of the decay constant for which running effects become important. In addition, while linear axion interactions are set by its pseudoscalar nature, quadratic interactions are indistinguishable from scalar interactions. This makes the two types of interactions sensitive to different categories of experiments. I will discuss the reach of various experiments exploiting quantum technology via quantum sensors, haloscopes, helioscopes, and fifth force searches. Lastly, I will discuss the nonlinear behaviour of the ALP field close to the surface of the earth and identify the experiments impacted by this effect.