Tag Archives: Evento scientifico

Speaker: Oton Vazquez Doce (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) The study of three- and many-body dynamics has been a long-standing goal in nuclear physics, particularly for understanding the structure of light nuclei and describing neutron-rich and dense nuclear matter. In this seminar, a new experimental method to study three-body nuclear systems by measuring correlations in the momentum space of deuteron-hadron pairs produced in proton-proton collisions at the LHC is presented. The ALICE Collaboration has performed measurements of the Kaon-deuteron and proton-deuteron correlations analyzing high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV [1]. The correlation functions are compared with effective two-body calculations anchored to results from Kaon-deuteron and proton-deuteron scattering experiments that provide an excellent description of the measured Kaon deuteron correlation but fail to describe the proton-deuteron system. This discrepancy can only be resolved by performing a full three-body calculation that accounts for the underlying three-nucleon dynamics. The analysis demonstrates that nucleons are the explicit degrees of freedom also in the correlations among light nuclei produced at short distances in hadronic collisions and opens the possibility of investigating the effect of genuine many-body nuclear interactions at the LHC in the future, including systems with strangeness and charm. [1] ALICE Collaboration, Phys. Rev. X 14, 031051 (2024)

This workshop will focus on the continuing development of the scientific case for a 22 GeV upgrade to CEBAF made possible by recent novel advances in accelerator technology. CEBAF’s envisioned capabilities, at the highest luminosities, will enable exciting opportunities that give scientists the full suite of tools necessary to comprehensively understand how QCD builds hadronic matter in the valence region. Through this workshop, JLab and its user community will continue to build the science case with descriptions and concrete projections for experiments that would become possible with an upgrade. We encourage our users and others interested to submit talks and ideas on the scientific topics listed below. Physics Topics: Charmed and light hadron spectroscopy Structure of hadrons: Form Factors, Parton Distribution Functions, TMDs, GPDs, Fragmentation Functions, Fracture Functions QCD in Nuclei and associated Nuclear Modifications and Dynamics Low energy tests of the Standard Model and physics beyond the Standard Model

EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB is a cutting-edge research project that will be realized in the INFN Frascati National Laboratories in Italy, focusing on advanced accelerator technologies. It is part of the broader EuPRAXIA initiative, aimed at developing the world’s first plasma-based accelerator with user applications. Given the advance in the project development, we are focusing our effort on the potentiality of the new facility in a wide scientific perspective, including FEL applications, but extending to other fields in which our photon and particle sources can contribute. To this end, LNF is organizing a Workshop on “Fundamental research and applications with the EuPRAXIA facility at LNF”, to be held at Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati of INFN on December 4-6, 2024. The workshop will be articulated in three sessions. The first session will be devoted to the presentation of the EuAPS and EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB facilities, aimed at introducing the characteristics and peculiarities of the different sources that will be available in the next years in Frascati. The second session will explore a possible research program in the field of fundamental physics. The different beams that the facility will provide will allow to explore different areas of physical research, from nuclear processes (such as beta decay in plasma, fusion reactions among light nuclei in the laser-induced plasma, laser vs ECR induced plasma applications and potentialities for nuclear physics), to QED measurements and laboratory astrophysics. The third session will be devoted to photon science with FEL and betatron sources, such as high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy, enabling breakthroughs in …

Speaker: Pavel Fileviez Perez (Case Western Reserve University) The different theories for neutrino masses are discussed. We show possible connections between the origin of neutrino masses and the properties of dark matter candidates in new theories for physics beyond the Standard Model. We discuss minimal gauge theories for neutrino masses where the neutrinos are predicted to be Dirac or Majorana fermions. We find that the upper bound on the effective number of relativistic species provides a strong constraint in the scenarios with Dirac neutrinos. In the context of theories where the lepton number is a local gauge symmetry spontaneously broken at the low scale, the existence of dark matter is predicted from the condition of anomaly cancellation. We show that we could test simple gauge theories for neutrino masses at current or future experiments.

50 years ago, on 11 November 1974, the independent discovery was announced of an extremely narrow resonance at 3.1 GeV, respectively at the Brookhaven National Laboratory and at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Centre. The resonance was dubbed J in Brookhaven and ψ at SLAC, and it is since known as J/ψ. Soon after the news, the three experiments at the ADONE electron-positron collider of the Frascati Laboratory, pushing the machine beyond its nominal energy limit of 3.0 GeV, in the night between 13 and 14 November were able to observe the J/ψ. In the historical Physical Review Letters issued on 2 December 1974 the ADONE report appeared together with those announcing the momentous finding. In the morning of this one-day Meeting, the J/ψ discovery, together with the ADONE contribution and its deep impact on Particle Physics, will be recalled by protagonists. The afternoon will include an outlook to the future of Particle Physics and Accelerator Technology. The meeting will be accompanied by an exhibition of a large number of newspapers, magazines and TV footage that reported the news of the discovery at the time.

Speaker: Gianluca Gregori (University of Oxford) Relativistic electron-positron plasmas are ubiquitous in extreme astrophysical environments such as black-hole and neutron-star magnetospheres, where accretion-powered jets and pulsar winds are expected to be enriched with electron-positron pairs. Their role in the dynamics of such environments is in many cases believed to be fundamental, but their behaviour differs significantly from typical electron-ion plasmas due to the matter-antimatter symmetry of the charged components. So far, our experimental inability to produce large yields of positrons in quasi-neutral beams has restricted the understanding of electron-positron pair plasmas to simple numerical and analytical studies, which are rather limited. Here we present the first experimental results confirming the generation of high-density, quasi-neutral, relativistic electron-positron pair beams using the 440 GeV/c beam at CERN’s Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) accelerator. We show that the characteristic scales necessary for collective plasma behaviour, such as the Debye length and the collisionless skin depth, are exceeded by the measured size of the produced pair beams. In the first application of this experimental platform, the stability of the pair beam is studied as it propagates through a meter-length plasma, analogous to TeV γ-ray induced pair cascades in the intergalactic medium. It has been argued that pair beam instabilities disrupt the cascade, thus accounting for the observed lack of reprocessed GeV emission from TeV blazars. If true this would remove the need for a moderate strength intergalactic magnetic field to explain the observations. We find that the pair beam instability is suppressed if the beam …

Speaker: Kazuki Sakurai (University of Warsaw) Recently, there has been a lot of attention and studies on treating high-energy colliders as natural quantum processors. Along these lines, we propose a novel test of quantum mechanics which goes beyond the Bell-inequality test. Our proposal is based on the Quantum Process Tomography, i.e. an experimental reconstruction of the entire quantum channel. We demonstrate such a test can be implemented with the e+ e- > t tbar process at lepton colliders with multiple runs of different beam polarisation settings. We also discuss the possibilities of Quantum Process Tomography with different collider processes.

Speakers: Costanza Barbieri (Accademia delle Belle Arti), Giulia Iorio (LASR3, Sezione INFN-RM3), Lucilla Pronti (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare), Mariangela Cestelli Guidi (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare), Martina Romani (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare), Noemi Zappala’ (Accademia delle Belle Arti) The study and characterization of Cultural Heritage (CH) materials requires the application and the development of innovative technologies, also related to accelerators, and fine-tuning preparation procedures of samples and, moreover, the requirements of noninvasiveness and minimal interaction with the artworks must be satisfied. In this sense, the INFN-CHNet, the network dedicated to the study of CH materials, monitored by the National Technology Transfer Committee of INFN, encounters these needs by developing innovative instrumentations and by collaborating with other professionals in the Cultural Heritage field for data interpretation. The INFN-CHNet nodes, DAΦNE-Light and LASR3 laboratories, will present the technologies developed and experiments performed on an unknown version of the painting “Lo Spasimo di Palermo” by Raffaello Sanzio. Preliminary results will be discussed also from the art-historical point of view, in a synergic collaboration between scientific and art history research.  

Speaker: Ludovico Vittorio (LAPTh, Annecy) For a long time the $|V_{cb}|$ puzzle and the $R(D^{(*)})$ anomalies have been considered possible, indirect probes of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). I will discuss the state of the art of the phenomenological studies of $B \to D^{(*)} \ell \nu$ decays, focusing on both lattice and experimental available datasets. I will show how the use of hadronic form factors (FFs) constrained by lattice calculations only can lighten the aforementioned tensions, independently of the existing differences among the results of the different collaborations. This conclusion holds independently of the particular parametrization adopted for the FFs. Furthermore, I will discuss in detail the “slope issue”, namely the tensions among the slopes in the momentum transfer of the different FFs computed on the lattice or measured by the experiments. I will present a novel and simple strategy for a direct comparison among them. Interestingly, this kind of study reveals that experimental data themselves show important differences among each other, while a better agreement is observed between some of the experimental results and the theoretical predictions. Future prospects for analyses both within and beyond the SM will be finally highlighted.

The 2024 Topical Workshop presented by the LLRF Workshop Series, a unique opportunity for learning, networking and sharing experiences, will be held in person in Italy at the INFN-LNF – Via Enrico Fermi 60 – Frascati (Rome) from 28 to 30 October 2024. The workshop will be dedicated to Timing, Synchronization, Measurements and Calibrations. Motivation The topical series of LLRF workshops is meant to bring together a diverse group of experts spanning disciplines beyond the traditional LLRF field in particle accelerators. The intent is to provide a basis for understanding the technologies and constraints which drive critical engineering decisions in multiple disciplines. Accurate timing and synchronization has played a pivotal role in many applications, from astrophysics to photon research, to quantum computing. Similarly, the success of these techniques depends on the ability to calibrate and perform accurate measurements. Topics – Low Drift/Phase Noise Sources – Absolute vs. relative timing – RF Reference Distribution (copper vs. fiber) – RF synchronization accelerator wide (beam diagnostics, machine protection, etc.) – Distributed facility timing and synchronization – accelerator to accelerator, accelerator to experiments, multiple locations – Amplitude and Phase – Reference line calibrations and stabilization/cancellation techniques – Accurate in-situ cavity measurements (Q0, QL) – Measurement techniques required to assess hardware and systems (phase noise measurement, measurements in case the hardware needs to be distributed over large distances) – Using beam to calibrate the RF and vice versa.   Participants in the Workshop are invited to register via web using the online registration form (handled …