Tag Archives: Evento scientifico

The energy density is classically positive, a property that fails to be true in quantum theory. However, if it were indefinitely negative, it might produce macroscopic violations of the second law of Thermodynamics or allow the existence of exotic spacetimes configurations (such as wormholes, time machines and warp drives). Fortunately, lower bounds exist and have been proved for linear fields (free quantum field theory), with few results for interacting models of QFT. In a class of quantum integrable models, on the level of one-particle states, we prove the existence of lower bounds for local averages of the energy density, establishing a first result for QFTs with interaction.

High resolution gamma-ray spectrometry is a nuclear analytical technique widely used for a determination of radionuclides in wide range of their activities in various kind of samples, from nuclear waste samples to the environmental samples and foodstuffs. For the quantitative determination this technique requires a determination of a detector efficiency with a high accuracy. In the Laboratory for radioecology of the Ruder Boskovic Institute in Zagreb, we are using Canberra’s high purity germanium detectors for this type of measurements. As the detector efficiency depends on an energy of emitted gamma rays, physical properties of materials and a sample geometry, calibration standards with same characteristics should be used for the efficiency calibration. However due to a large variety of the materials that have to be analysed, it is hard to obtain standard materials of the same characteristics. Therefore, the possibility to determine the detection efficiency in a mathematical way by detector and sample setup modeling can significantly facilitate the procedure. The description of detector and its peformances, together with the comparison of accuracy and precision of the radionuclide determination by using mathematical calibrations and classically source-based ones in the measurements of specific environmental samples will be presented. As Canberra has developed Laboratory SOurceless Calibration Software (LabSOCS) for this aim, spectrometry setup, consisting of the Canberra broad energy germanium detector (BEGe) with the original lead shielding and Genie 2000, LabSOCS/ISOCS softwares are used for the quantitative determination of low-level activities in few specific matrices such as honey samples and borosilicate filters. Honey …

We present an approach to computing probabilities in quantum field theory for a wide class of source-detector models. The approach works directly with probabilities and not with squared matrix elements, and the resulting probabilities can be written in terms of expectation values of nested commutators and anticommutators. We present results that help in the evaluation of these, including an expression for the vacuum expectation values of general nestings of commutators and anticommutators in scalar field theory. This approach allows one to see clearly how faster-than-light signalling is prevented, because it leads to a diagrammatic expansion in which the retarded propagator plays a prominent role. We illustrate the formalism using the simple case of the much-studied Fermi two-atom problem.

The Silicon Tracking System (STS) is the main tracking detector of the upcoming fixed-target Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment which aims to explore the phase diagram of the strongly interacting matter in a region of high net baryonic densities and moderate temperatures. The STS will be used for the reconstruction of tracks of charged particles and determination of their momenta. The system comprises 8 tracking stations located 30 cm downstream of the target. It will be mounted with approximately 1200 double-sided silicon microstrip sensors in three different sizes. A high level of radiation damage is expected to impact on the sensors. The maximum exposure of 1× 1014 in 1 MeV neutron equivalent will be reached after several years of running depending on the physics program. The Quality Assurance (QA) procedures for the STS sensors will be overviewed highlighting the automated QA testing procedure for a single strip defect identification. In addition to this, the radiation tolerance studies performed on STS sensor prototypes will be presented.

I will explain how traditional parton showers, as implemented in the major general purpose monte carlo codes, are fundamentally limited in their accuracy and how that situation can be improved via a new amplitude-level algorithm that includes, amongst other things, Coulomb gluon exchanges between incoming and outgoing partons. Coulomb gluons are responsible for the breaking of soft-collinear factorization and they are what generates the underlying event and diffraction.

In this talk I will show how the general framework of effective quantum gravity proposed by Brunetti, Fredenhagen and myself can be used to study problems in quantum cosmology. This formulation allows to derive some known results in (first order) cosmological perturbation theory from first principles and it provides a robust tool for computing higher order corrections. Conceptually, it works as a test ground for new ideas concerning construction of gauge invariant observables in effective quantum gravity. The non-local character of these observables leads to new interesting combinatorial structures arising in renormalization.

The workshop aims at presenting recent results in the mathematical theory of critical phenomena and effective theories in condensed matter physics and statistical mechanics, including: scaling limits of discrete spin systems, percolation models and interacting random walks; effective dynamics and phase transitions in interacting quantum many body systems; disordered electrons and localization phenomena. Invited speakers include:  M. Aizenman, R. Bauerschmidt, D. Chelkak, G. Gallavotti, K. Gawedzki, V. Mastropietro, B. Nachtergaele, A. Pizzo,  M. Porta, B. Schlein,  A. Vichi, S. Warzel Organizers: A. Giuliani, V. Mastropietro, A. Pizzo    

Except the radioactive sources, the positron sources are all based on photon materialization into electron-positron pairs in a target. After a rapid recall of the different methods to generate photons, underlining the corresponding photon characteristics , we shall concentrate on three kinds of radiation: bremsstrahlung in amorphous targets , channeling and coherent bremsstrahlung in oriented crystals. Applications to future linear e+e- and circular μ+ μ – colliders will be presented.

Astronomical and cosmological observations indicate that a large fraction of the energy content of the Universe is composed of cold dark matter. One of the most favored particle candidates, under the generic name of WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles), arises naturally in many theories beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. The XENON Project, hosted by the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), is dedicated to the direct search of dark matter particles. It consists of a double-phase time projection chamber (TPCs) using ultra-pure liquid xenon as both target and detection medium for dark matter particle interactions. The XENON100 detector, currently running since 2009 with 160 kg of liquid xenon, has reached in 2012 the sensitivity of 2×10-45 cm2 at 55 GeV/c2 on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon coupling. We will present also the results on the spin-dependent coupling, and the recent search for annual modulation and for leptophilic dark matter interactions with electrons. The next generation XENON1T detector, that will host 3.5 tonnes of xenon, is in its final stage of commissioning and will likely start taking data by 2016. The detector is designed to increase the sensitivity by two orders of magnitude. The status of the project and its physics reach will be presented in details.

We studied the physics and properties of rf breakdowns in high gradient traveling wave accelerating structures at 100 GHz and 200 GHz. The structures are open, made of two haves with a gap in between. The rf fields were excited in the structure by an ultra-relativistic electron beam generated by the FACET facility at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. We observed rf breakdowns generated in the presence of GV/m scale electric fields. We varied the rf fields excited by the FACET bunch by moving structure relative to the beam and by changing the gap between structure halves. Reliable breakdowns detectors allowed us to measure the rf breakdown rate at these different rf parameters. We measured radiated rf energy with a pyro-detector and characterized the rf spectrum with an interferometer. When the beam was off-axis, we observed beam deflection in the beam position monitors and on the screen of a magnetic spectrometer. The measurements of the deflection allowed us to verify our calculation of the accelerating gradient. This talk will report results of 200 GHz experiments.