Tag Archives: Evento scientifico

Giovanni Signorelli (INFN) The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) carries information from the very first moments of existence of our universe.The picture of its anisotropies which formed some 300,000 years after the Big Bang when radiation and matter decoupled, conveys information about its matter and energy content. CMB polarization allows us to go even further back in time, to the very first fraction of a second, in which cosmological inflation is believed to have happened. Cosmological inflation, the leading hypothesis to resolve the problems in the Big Bang theory, predicts that primordial gravitational waves were created during the inflationary era, which then imprinted large-scale curl patterns in the CMB polarization map, called the B-modes. The measurement of the very faint B-modes requires the development of specialized detectors and electronics: superconducting bolometers coupled to antennas to be sensitive to the microwaves, read out by SQUIDs, amplifiers based on quantum interference in a superconducting loop, all living at sub-Kelvin temperatures. Several experiments are under way or being planned in this search, from ground, balloon, or satellite and INFN is presently involved in some. In particular LiteBIRD (the Lite satellite for the study of B-mode polarization and Inflation from cosmic background Radiation Detection) has been selected as the next JAXA’s strategic large mission, to be launched in the late 2020s with the primary scientific objective to search for the signal from cosmic inflation, either making a discovery or ruling out well-motivated inflationary models. The measurements of LiteBIRD will in fact provide also insight into …

The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) carries information from the very first moments of existence of our universe.The picture of its anisotropies which formed some 300,000 years after the Big Bang when radiation and matter decoupled, conveys information about its matter and energy content.  CMB polarization allows us to go even further back in time, to the very first fraction of a second, in which cosmological inflation is believed to have happened. Cosmological inflation, the leading hypothesis to resolve the problems in the Big Bang theory, predicts that primordial gravitational waves were created during the inflationary era, which then imprinted large-scale curl patterns in the CMB polarization map, called the B-modes.  The measurement of the very faint B-modes requires the development of specialized detectors and electronics: superconducting bolometers coupled to antennas to be sensitive to the microwaves, read out by SQUIDs, amplifiers based on quantum interference in a superconducting loop, all living at sub-Kelvin temperatures. Several experiments are under way or being planned in this search, from ground, balloon, or satellite and INFN is presently involved in some. In particular LiteBIRD (the Lite satellite for the study of B-mode polarization and Inflation from cosmic background Radiation Detection) has been selected as the next JAXA’s strategic large mission, to be launched in the late 2020s with the primary scientific objective to search for the signal from cosmic inflation, either making a discovery or ruling out well-motivated inflationary models. The measurements of LiteBIRD will in fact provide also insight into the quantum nature …

Harut Avagyan (Jefferson Lab) The quark-gluon dynamics manifests itself in a set of non-perturbative functions  describing all possible  spin-spin and spin-orbit correlations. Recent studies of correlated hadron pairs,  including the pairs created in target and current fragmentation region, indicate significant correlations in hadron fragmentation process. Their understanding is becoming increasingly important in the interpretation of pion electroproduction data in general, and hadronization process of quarks, in particular. Detailed studies in multi-dimensional space, of various multiplicities and different azimuthal modulations in electroproduction of hadrons as a function of transverse momentum of involved hadrons and the Q^2, will be needed to sort out all disagreements with theory predictions and improve the phenomenology of partonic distributions in 3D. In this contribution, we will present ongoing studies and some proposed future measurements with hadrons in electroproduction at large Q^2,  with current CLAS12 detector at Jefferson Lab, and discuss opportunities with JLab energy upgrade to 24 GeV.   Join Zoom Meeting https://infn-it.zoom.us/j/86363393098?pwd=eFdmUDN0aHZpNTZGanN3bGFxV1JyZz09 Meeting ID: 863 6339 3098 Passcode: 521096

The quark-gluon dynamics manifests itself in a set of non-perturbative functions  describing all possible  spin-spin and spin-orbit correlations. Recent studies of correlated hadron pairs,  including the pairs created in target and current fragmentation region, indicate significant correlations in hadron fragmentation process. Their understanding is becoming increasingly important in the interpretation of pion electroproduction data in general, and hadronization process of quarks, in particular. Detailed studies in multi-dimensional space, of various multiplicities and different azimuthal modulations in electroproduction of hadrons as a function of transverse momentum of involved hadrons and the Q^2, will be needed to sort out all disagreements with theory predictions and improve the phenomenology of partonic distributions in 3D. In this contribution, we will present ongoing studies and some proposed future measurements with hadrons in electroproduction at large Q^2,  with current CLAS12 detector at Jefferson Lab, and discuss opportunities with JLab energy upgrade to 24 GeV.   Join Zoom Meeting https://infn-it.zoom.us/j/86363393098?pwd=eFdmUDN0aHZpNTZGanN3bGFxV1JyZz09 Meeting ID: 863 6339 3098 Passcode: 521096

Ionic liquids (ILs) are organic salts that exist in the liquid phase at temperatures < 100 °C and there are up to 1018 possible candidates for this group of compounds. By using different ions arrangements it is possible to design ILs to fit the requirements of a certain application which is the most important feature of ILs. Also, ILs can be designed to be non-toxic (the third generation of ILs) or with significantly reduced toxicity compared to conventional organic solvents. ILs as highly potent, designed solvents with tunable physical and chemical properties can be successfully applied in extraction processes as solvents and task-specific extractants at the same time. Since the replacement and reduction of organic solvents belong to the main postulates of green chemistry, the design and synthesis of new ILs are in a line with green chemical principles. Additionally, the extraction procedure can be optimized so that more than 95% of the extraction mixture content is water. Aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) are one of the green extraction approaches. ABSs based on designed ILs have been investigated and applied as an effective substitute for classical liquid-liquid extraction for (1) extraction of pesticides and textile dyes as an alternative method for their removal from waste manufacture waters; (2) sample preparation before analytical quantification (selective extraction and enrichment of Cu(II) from wastewater and biological samples with task-specific ILs); (3) recover and reuse of bioactive value-added compounds from food waste as a circular economy perspective; (4) recycling of technology critical elements; (5) isolation …

Generally speaking, as a consequence of a famous Liouville’s theorem, the volume of the phase space under the Hamiltonian flow is constant. This also means that the Jacobian of the mapping determined by the Hamiltonian flow is equal to 1 and, therefore, this mapping is never singular. However, in many important physical systems one needs to consider a specific Hamiltonian flow, which is defined by specific initial conditions. It can be shown that in this way obtained the reduced mapping can be singular. As a consequence, caustics and rainbows occur, in the configuration and angular space, respectively. Importance of the study of the singular dynamics is that the family of particles along the singularities produces a strong focusing effect. It should be also stressed that the singularities represent important global characteristic of a dynamical system. In the scattering physics of photons off a rain droplet this corresponds to the well-known rainbow effect. The singularities in 2D Hamiltonian dynamical systems described by symmetric potentials will be presented. It is assumed that the initial motion is at rest i.e. that the initial values of particles in the 2D momentum space are equal to zero. Motivation for the choice of the initial condition is related, but not restricted, to the scattering theory. Moreover, dynamic of the system can be treated independently of the scattering theory. It will be shown that a rich complex behavior of the singularities occurs. Their evolution includes qualitatively change of their form, which is accompanied with their “interactions”. Main …

I Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati vogliono onorare la memoria di Paolo Franzini e Juliet Lee-Franzini con una giornata dedicata ai ricordi della grande avventura di KLOE raccontati da chi vi ha direttamente partecipato, ed alla grande eredità di fisica che questa esperienza ha prodotto. The Frascati National Laboratory wants to honour the memory of Paolo Franzini and Juliet Lee-Franzini, with a workshop devoted to personal recollections of the great adventure of KLOE from those who have participated to it, and to the big physics legacy that this experience has left.  

The appearance of electron neutrinos in a beam of predominantly muon neutrinos is the key signature of new physics searches in accelerator neutrino experiments. The MicroBooNE experiment — the longest operating Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) in a neutrino beam — hunts for missing pieces of the short-baseline neutrino puzzle by studying neutrino interactions from both the neutrino beams produced at Fermilab, the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) and the Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) beam. Utilizing innovations in LArTPC simulation, reconstruction, and detector physics studies, MicroBooNE has collected and analyzed the largest neutrino-argon dataset to date. This talk presents MicroBooNE’s first look into the long-standing anomalous excess of electron-like low energy events in the MiniBooNE experiment.

Several significant anomalies are recently observed in the semileptonic decays of mesons, nucleon and nuclei, in particular the apparent violation of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix unitarity involving the matrix elements Vud and Vus. In this talk, I will briefly review the major breakthroughs from theory and experiment that lead to such observations, and the future improvements required to bring us even closer to a confirmed discovery of physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). Join Zoom Meeting https://infn-it.zoom.us/j/89484960989?pwd=Q3QxMkUwcVJMM25zSVFrczlMMFM4QT09 Meeting ID: 894 8496 0989 Passcode: 213792