Tag Archives: Evento scientifico

Speaker: Gustavo Conesa Balbastre (LPSC-CNRS Grenoble) The ALICE experiment at the LHC is devoted to test QCD predictions, and in particular, the measurement of the properties of the Quark-Gluon plasma created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Among the different probes that the experiment explores, neutral mesons and isolated photons are useful to study the jet-quenching effect in the QGP: the loss of energy of high energy partons (quarks and gluons) produced at the initial stages of the collision traversing the strongly interacting plasma. Such probes are measured in ALICE by its electromagnetic calorimeters PHOS and EMCal, combined with the central tracking systems. The Frascati-LNF-INFN and Grenoble-LPSC-CNRS groups had a strong involvement in the construction and exploitation of the EMCal calorimeter where I was involved. In this presentation I will present the different results obtained with the calorimeter during the LHC Run 1 and 2 data, concentrating on the isolated photons production.

Speaker: Livio Verra (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) The extremely large accelerating fields that can be excited in plasmas are orders of magnitudes larger than in conventional accelerators, and they could be used to miniaturise the ever-increasing footprint of light sources and high-energy physics facilities. In this seminar I will review the concepts of plasma wakefield acceleration, present the main experimental results of the field, and discuss the challenges on the path towards applications for high-energy physics.

Speaker: Andrea Banfi (University of Sussex) Jet observables such as event-shape distributions and jet rates are widely used for precision determinations of the strong coupling. The accuracy of perturbative calculations for such observables is very high, and poorly known hadronisation corrections limit the precision of such determination. I present a general method, based on the existing theoretical framework ARES (Automated Resummer for Event Shapes), to estimate hadronisation corrections up to a single universal non-perturbative parameter, which can be determined from data. The method can be applied to an arbitrary observable and gives promise to impact future determinations of the strong coupling with jet observables.    

Speaker: Fabio Galasso (Roma La Sapienza Univ.) Representation learning is an important part of modern computer vision. Literature assumes a default Euclidean space, thus a manifold based on regular grids. Only most recently, hyperbolic spaces have enabled techniques to reach and surpass the state-of-the-art, supporting learning with hierarchical structures and uncertainty, also a by-product of hyperbolic representation learning. I will introduce our most recent work that leverages Hyperbolic Neural Networks for anomaly detection, self-supervised learning of actions, active learning of semantic segmentation, and reinforcement learning of robot navigation in social environments.

Speaker: Gino Isidori (UZH) What is the origin of the different masses for quarks and leptons is one of the big open questions in particle physics. I will briefly review this problem, illustrating its central role in achieving a deeper understanding of fundamental interactions. I will also outline some recent theoretical ideas on how to address it, focusing in particular on the concept of “flavor deconstruction”, and finally discuss how these ideas can be tested through current and future flavor-physics experiments.

Speaker: Pier Giuseppe Catinari (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) In this talk, I will explore how effective field theories (EFTs) provide a powerful framework for describing interactions—particularly non-linear couplings—between dark matter particles and the collective excitations of target materials. I will focus specifically on the interaction between axion dark matter and magnons, which are quasiparticles arising from spin-wave excitations in antiferromagnetic materials. Materials such as nickel oxide emerge as optimal candidates for detecting sub-MeV dark matter with spin-dependent interactions, as well as for the absorption of meV-scale QCD axions.  

Speaker: Giancarlo Ferrera (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) We present a resummed QCD calculation of the thrust distribution in electron-positron annihilation in the back-to-back region up to N^4LL accuracy, matched to fixed-order results up to NNLO. We perform the resummation of the large Sudakov logarithms in the Laplace-conjugated space, and we show that the results differ significantly from those obtained through resummation in thrust space. We include non-perturbative corrections using an analytic hadronization model that depends on two free parameters. Finally, we present a comparison of our predictions with experimental data at the Z-boson peak, and we extract a value for the QCD coupling that is fully consistent with the world average.

Speaker: Masaki Hori (Imperial College London) We propose the first laser spectroscopy of an atom containing a kaon at DAPHNE, which may eventually allow the precision on the charged kaon mass to be improved by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude compared to now, and establish upper limits on beyond-the-standard model forces that may arise between kaons and the other constituent particles of the atom. Metastable kaonic helium is a three-body atom consisting of a helium nucleus, an electron, and kaon occupying a Rydberg state. The atom has an anomalously long lifetime of 10 ns which makes it amenable to laser spectroscopy. Quantum electrodynamics calculations for these atoms currently achieve parts-per-billion scale precision. We have carried out similar experiments at the Antiproton Decelerator of CERN for many years and determined the antiproton-to-electron mass ratio to a precision of 8 parts in 10^10; laser spectroscopy of pionic helium atoms which have a lifetime of 7 ns was also recently achieved at the 590 MeV/c ring cyclotron facility of Paul Scherrer Institute. This increases our confidence that laser spectroscopy of the kaonic variety is now possible, utilizing the modern advances in laser technology. The experiment critically relies on the low-energy kaons of small energy spread which are only available at DAPHNE. Some of the technical challenges of achieving this goal in DAPHNE will be described.  

Speaker: Prof. Luca Visinelli (Shanghai Jiao Tong University) The QCD axion, originally proposed to resolve the strong CP problem, is also a compelling dark matter (DM) candidate. In strong magnetic fields, such as those surrounding neutron stars, axions can convert into photons, potentially generating detectable radio signals. This axion-photon coupling offers a unique avenue for experimental searches in a well-defined mass range. In this seminar, I will present an observational study using the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) to search for transient radio signals from axion-photon conversion. Focusing on the core of Andromeda, we employ the VErsatile GBT Astronomical Spectrometer (VEGAS) and the X-band receiver (8–10 GHz) to probe axions with masses between 33 and 42 μeV, achieving a mass resolution of 3.8 × 10^-4 μeV. We describe our observational strategy and analysis techniques, which reach an instrumental sensitivity of 2 mJy per spectral channel. While no candidate signals exceeding the 5σ threshold were detected, I will discuss future improvements, including expanding the search to additional frequency bands and refining theoretical models, to strengthen constraints on axion DM scenarios.

Speaker: Silvia Tosi The life of the stars is characterized by several processes able to change their chemical composition and structure. The impact and the way with which these mechanisms are active depends on several factors and the most relevant is the mass with which these stars were formed. The present talk will retrace the evolution of the low- and intermediate-mass stars (LIMS), characterized by masses between 1 and 8 solar masses. During their evolution, the LIMS will cross the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase, which is characterized by nucleosynthesis and physical phenomena able to deeply alter their surface chemistry. It is well known that during this stage, the circumstellar envelope is an ideal environment for the formation of dust, whose mineralogy reflects the evolutionary history that the star has undergone. Since the LIMS are major sources for the chemical enrichment of the interstellar medium, it is fundamental to characterize the dust formed and to understand the reprocessed elements that will contaminate the host galaxies. In addition, in most cases, the surface chemical composition of the star remains relatively stable during the transition from the AGB to the planetary nebula phase, and for this reason, it is possible to use the stages that occur after the AGB one to retrieve information on the processes that were active during the AGB evolution (e.g. nucleosynthesis, mass-loss, dust production). This talk will show the potentialities of the studies focused on the dust, connecting the mineralogy of the dust observed with the past evolutionary …