LABORATORI NAZIONALI DI FRASCATI
Home » Evento (page 23)

# Tag Archives: Evento scientifico

## Atomic structure of highly charged ions and exotic atoms: from accurate tests of Quantum Electrodynamics to the measurement of unstable particles masses.

An overview of investigations on unusual atomic systems, such highly charged ions and pionic atoms, is presented. In highly charged ions, where the associated Coulomb field is several order of magnitude higher that of the most powerful available laser, Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) corrections, as the self-energy and the vacuum polarisation, have to be considered to all order of Zα. This is still a challenge for theoretical predictions, which can finely tested by spectroscopy of such systems. In pionic hydrogen and deuterium, high-accuracy X-ray spectroscopy provides important information on the strong interaction force between the pion (formed by an anti-quark and a quark) and the nucleons (proton and/or the neutron, each formed by three quarks). Experimental findings are compared to the more accurate available predictions based on effective field theories. In the case of atomic transitions where the influence of the strong force is negligible and QED predictions are well known, accurate X-ray spectroscopy is used to determine the mass of the negatively charged pion. The new measurement presented here yields an accuracy of 1.3 parts per million improving the accuracy of the value recommended by the Particle Data Group by a factor of about two.

Scopri di più »

## EBS Project Overview

The ESRF – the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility – is a user facility in Grenoble, France, and the source of the most intense high-energy (6 GeV) X-rays in the world. It was the very first ‘third-generation’ synchrotron to be built and its light provides opportunities for scientists all over the world in the exploration of materials and living matter ranging from the chemistry and physics of materials to archaeology and cultural heritage, together with structural biology and medical applications, the sciences of the environment and the sciences of information and nanotechnologies. In 2019, the existing storage ring will be removed and a first-of-a-kind new lattice, based on an innovative arrangement of magnets, will be installed in its place, dramatically reducing the equilibrium emittance. This ‘fourth-generation’ synchrotron will produce an X-ray beam 100 times more brilliant and coherent than the ESRF source today, allowing imaging down from the micrometre to the nanometre scale and ‒ in parallel with upgraded beamlines, instrumentation and data infrastructure ‒ providing previously unimaginable opportunities for applications as varied as nanoscopy, science at extreme conditions and structural biology. The ESRF ‒ Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS) project was launched in 2015 and its current status, two years into the project, will be presented, alongside the expected performance of the accelerator, the technical challenges confronted and its future potential fields of applications.

Scopri di più »

## Bandi MAECI

Seminario informativo sulle opportunità offerte dai Bandi del MAECI (Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale) interverrà la Cons. A.Pastorelli (Direzione Generale per la Promozione del Sistema Paese – MAECI)

Scopri di più »

## Autumn Institute: Precision physics to achieve the LHC accuracy goals

Aim of the workshop: The Large Hadron Collider has so far performed extremely well and led in 2012 to the milestone discovery of the Higgs boson; however, no signal of new physics has shown up yet. For the sake of carrying out searches for physics Beyond the Standard Model and reliable estimates of the backgrounds, precise calculations and Monte Carlo generators have been of paramount importance. In this mini-workshop, we shall present novel improvements in the matching of parton showers with exact NLO matrix elements, as well as progresses in the fits of parton distribution functions, including small-x resummation. New strategies to measure the top-quark mass and CP violation in top events at the LHC will also be presented. Speakers: Benjamin Fuks (Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris) "Next-to-leading order calculations matched to parton showers for supersymmetry and dark matter" Umberto De Sanctis (Università di Roma Tor Vergata') "Top physics with soft muons in ATLAS" Marco Bonvini (Università di Roma La Sapienza') "Small-x resummation in PDF fits"

Scopri di più »

## Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 2017 ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI FISICA NUCLEARE LABORATORI NAZIONALI DI FRASCATI Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi, 40 16 – 20 OCTOBER 2017 The NEXT Nanotechnology group at INFN – LNF organizes since 2000 a series of international meetings in the area of nanotechnology. The Nanotechnology group at INFN – LNF organizes since 2000 a series of international meetings in the area of nanotechnology. The conference in 2017 is devoted to recent developments in nanoscience and its manifold technological applications. It consists of a number of tutorial/keynote lectures, as well as research talks presenting frontier nanoscience research developments and innovative nanotechnologies in the areas of biology, medicine, aerospace, optoelectronics, energy, materials and characterizations, low-dimensional nanostructures and devices. There will be Invited Lecturers and selected talks from the ad-hoc call for papers, as well as a poster session. Authors wishing to submit their work for presentation at the conference can send an abstract as a doc file (max 2 pages, including figures) to bellucci@lnf.infn.it by 21st September 2017, specifying whether it is meant for oral or poster presentation. Authors will be notified of the acceptance of their submission by 25th September 2017. Registration – There is no fee for attendance, however registration is mandatory and must be submitted before 30th September 2017.            Hotel reservation is the responsibility of the participants. Additional information can be found in the web site: http://www.lnf.infn.it/lnfadmin/travel/alberghi.html         Information how to reach the venue is found in:         http://www.lnf.infn.it/lnfadmin/travel/travel.html         A map of the Frascati town, ...

Scopri di più »

## The Quest for the Axion

The axion arises in the course of an elegant solution of the strong CP problem. In addition, it is a very good candidate for dark matter and may explain the excessive cooling of stars in various stages of their evolution. Moreover, the saxion may play the role of the inflaton, leading to a very predictive and distinctive cosmological history of the universe. There are new, relatively small experiments around the globe, which are hunting the axion and complement the search for physics beyond the Standard Model at the Large Hadron Collider.

Scopri di più »

## Metallic films: conductivity properties vs. work function: new opportunities for accelerator and other technological applications

Technological activities to design, manufacture and test new accelerating devices using different materials and methods are under way all over the world. The main goal of these researches is to increase the accelerating gradients minimizing the probability of RF breakdown. Among the possible options, experimental results point out that relatively thick metallic coatings of Transition Metal (TM) atoms may improve the properties of standard materials like copper, in particular, the breakdown rate. In the framework of the researches performed by the INFN/DEMETRA experiment, I will present and discuss experimental data of Mo films grown on different substrates with a resistivity < 100-150 μΩ cm. Mo films are multiphase metallic systems with a not negligible contribution of disordered oxide phases: transparent and insulating phases such as MoO3 or metallic phases such as MoO2, both of high-interest also for technological applications. The interplay of nano- and micrometer-scale factors is typically at the origin of the properties and the macroscopic behavior of TM films, so that the capability to probe morphology and phase distribution of these complex systems at multiple length scale is mandatory. Different chemical and structural factors may affect the properties of Mo films and, in particular, the work function. As a consequence of the relationship between defects and work function, many transition metal (TM) oxides tend to have decreased work functions near a metal/metal-oxide interface, a behavior useful to tune the work function and the field emission, if the TM oxide and the metallic substrate is properly selected. The field ...

Scopri di più »

## Flavor physics anomalies

I will discuss the recent B-physics results which indicate intriguing deviations from the Standards Model expectations. I will focus on several New Physics scenarios which are currently being explored. I will then go through several flavor physics observables and argue that they too could provide us with access to New Physics if the hadronic uncertainties are tamed by means of Lattice QCD.

Scopri di più »

## Heavy flavours and the W-boson mass measurement at the LHC

The inclusive transverse-momentum spectrum of the Z boson is measured with high precision at the LHC and used a standard candle to tune Monte Carlo event generators. In turn, this implies that any change in its theoretical description will affect the Monte Carlo predictions for other Standard Model precision measurements, such as the W mass. One of the uncertainties that currently affects the theoretical prediction of the Z transverse momentum comes from the fact that in the usually used five-flavour scheme (5FS) heavy flavours are treated as massless parton in the initial state. In this work we aim at improving the description of the inclusive Z-boson transverse momentum, by including the effects of the four-flavour scheme (4FS) computation of Z production in association with bottom-quark pairs (where the bottom quarks are massive and there are no bottom PDFs in the proton), on the top of the 5FS description of the neutral-current Drell-Yan process. Finally, we estimate the impact of these effects on the measurement of the W mass.

Scopri di più »

## The PROTO-SPHERA experiment, an innovative confinement scheme for Fusion

PROTO-SPHERA is an innovative Magnetic Confinement plasma experiment for Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion research, whose aim is to form a Spherical Torus for confining a plasma of thermonuclear interest not around a metal centerpost (as in Tokamaks), but around a Plasma Centerpost. The PROTO-SPHERA experiment is producing plasma since 2 years and has reached in Argon discharges its Phase-1 target current of 8.5 kA in the Plasma Centerpost. In future (at 60 kA plasma current) magnetic plasma instabilities will kink the Plasma Centerpost to a point such as to shed a Spherical Torus around it. The experiment can at the moment produce the Plasma Centerpost only, but it is already exploring the initial phases of the kink instability. This confinement scheme, if successful, will have advantages over Tokamaks: cylindrical and not toroidal geometry of the vacuum vessel (easing access and repairs), undefined sustainment of the toroidal current within the Spherical Torus, by DC voltage applied to the Plasma Centerpost (allowed by mixed magnetic and electrostatic plasma confinement and plasma mass motion), spontaneous re-forming of the Torus in case of ‘plasma disruption’ and finally high plasma beta (unitary ratio between plasma pressure and magnetic confinement pressure, which in conventional Tokamaks is only a few %), that could minimize the size of a future Fusion reactor.

Scopri di più »